In short
An ingrown toenail develops when the edge of the nail presses into the surrounding skin, most often on the big toe. The skin can become red, swollen and tender, and pus or excess granulation tissue may develop. Tight shoes, incorrect nail trimming and the shape of the nail can contribute.
Seek prompt medical care for rapidly increasing redness, fever or spreading infection. If you have diabetes, impaired circulation or immunosuppression, seek care promptly for signs of infection in the foot.
What happens at the examination
The toe is examined with attention to the shape of the nail, the degree of inflammation, previous episodes and signs of infection. We also review risk factors such as diabetes, circulation problems and medication.
- Assessment of the degree of inflammation
- Examination of nail growth
- Review of previous treatment
- Planning the appropriate procedure
Treatment options
The most suitable treatment is decided after an individual medical assessment.
After treatment
After the procedure you receive a dressing and clear advice on elevation, pain relief, showering and dressing changes. The toe may discharge fluid while healing. Roomy shoes and reduced loading initially make recovery easier.
Frequently asked questions
Does the operation hurt?
The toe is numbed with local anaesthetic. The injection is felt, but the procedure itself should not be painful.
Is the whole nail removed?
Usually only the part of the nail causing the problem is removed.
Can the ingrown toenail return?
Yes, but treating the relevant part of the nail root can reduce the risk of recurrence.
Can I walk after the procedure?
Yes, but limit activity and keep the foot elevated as instructed during the first days.
Medically reviewed by Dr Elias Tsiolis, specialist in general surgery, senior consultantUpdated 2026-10-25This text does not replace an individual assessment.